The July 2025 edition of the IRMO Brief, authored by Gordan Akrap, deals with the long-lasting conflict between Iran and Israel that culminated in June this year. On 13th June 2025 Israel launched a sudden and powerful military strike on Iran’s military nuclear program, as well as on decision-makers in the military and security leadership. The military strike aimed to disable Iranian air defenses, ground forces that worked to disable air defenses, as well as to eliminate leading figures in Iran’s military and security apparatus. Israel air forces, later on followed by U.S. air forces, also attacked the facilities of Iran’s military nuclear program. It has to be pointed out that after the killing of General Qasem Soleimani, commander of Iran’s AL Quds Force of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps – IRGC, on January 3rd, 2020, Iran withdrew from the JCPOA agreement. After the withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2020 Iran had continued to accelerate uranium enrichment to values that significantly exceed the level of uranium enrichment required for a civilian nuclear energy program. The author also analyses the ramifications of these developments for the whole region of the Middle East and the position of Arab states in the Israeli-Iranian conflict.
Iran’s Nuclear Program and Israel: Global and Regional Consequences
